范文為教學中作為模范的文章，也常常用來指寫作的模板。常常用于文秘寫作的參考，也可以作為演講材料編寫前的參考。范文怎么寫才能發揮它最大的作用呢？下面我給大家整理了一些優秀范文，希望能夠幫助到大家，我們一起來看一看吧。

湖南師大英美文學考研篇一

2009級師范三班劉靜 robinson crusoe is written by defoe(1660 ~ 1731), known as the father of english novel and the periodical is the father of the english novel and periodical literature, who was born in a family which was against the anglican father is a businessman, doing article influenced the later development of journal articles and e the speech, he was repeatedly the age of 59 defoe began writing fiction as a novelist, show remarkable on crusoe robinson is defoe's first novel, is also one of the most famous is based on a british seaman on a deserted island alone for 4 years in exile records and on is the heroine of defoe works in accordance with their ideals and created the character, he killed out of doing business, living on a desert island for 28 years, overcome all sorts of unimaginable start empty-handed, develop the island, not only to their own survival, and create a new was a pioneer in the image, a real asset class this figure embodies the western ocean civilization tradition, with the outward development of curiosity, desire to conquer and spirit of adventure, praised the strength quality and working novel opens english realistic novel this novel, there are so many about the wonderful part, but two points impress: one is the author of the narrative language easy to front of the book, the author use a lot of space to introduce robinson in the sea to sea before, whether does not listen to parents' guide, but follow the guidance of the soul, the careful psychological description, the author description most is a fascinating story, the protagonist of nearly thirty years of life vividly in front of us, let our eyes as if emerging from a young on crusoe is to let a person look after all that the most primitive, most of my books, not only because it is the wonderful, and it gives us the modern most qualities i learn from robinson crusoe is not his hard-working and brave, but his amazing mental can imagine, a single large living alone on a desert island life ten years, no one to accompany him, even the most basic, and a person simply talk for a while to deserted island there is no house, no rice, can only rely on his own hard to create a piece of heaven and first nonwhite character to be given a realistic, inspanidualized, and humane portrayal in the english novel, friday has a huge literary and cultural rewritings of the crusoe story, like e’s foe and michel tournier’s friday, emphasize the sad consequences of crusoe’s

failure to understand friday and suggest how the tale might be told very differently from the native’s s his importance to our culture, friday is a key figure within the context of the ’s sincere questions to crusoe about the devil, which crusoe answers only

indirectly and hesitantly, leave us wondering whether crusoe’s knowledge of christianity is superficial and sketchy in contrast to friday’s full

understanding of his own god short, friday’s exuberance and emotional directness often point out the wooden conventionality of crusoe’s e friday’s subjugation, however, crusoe appreciates friday much more than he would a mere does not seem to value intimacy with humans much, but he does say that he loves friday, which is a

remarkable may bring friday christianity and clothing, but friday brings crusoe emotional warmth and a vitality of spirit that crusoe’s own european heart novel shows that we need to believe ourselves, where there is a will, there is our hands, then see a new is more, we are not only live ourselves in the world, we need to care about brave, and

never lose hope.

湖南師大英美文學考研篇二

術語解釋：

couplets: a rhymed pair of iambic pentameter verse: unrhymed iambic pentameter : 14 iambic pentameter lines which follows certain rhyme conquest: in the year the normans headed by which is mainly about canterbury tales, in chaucer’s plan, was to exceed that of boccaccio’s decameron, but he failed and only 24 tales were m shakespeare, one of the first founders of the first period of his work shakespeare wrote:

1590the second and third part of king henry vi

1591the first part of king henry vi

1592the life and death of king richard iii;the comedy of errors

1593titus andronicus;the taming of the shrew

1594the two gentlemen of verona;love’s labour’s lost;romeo and juliet

1595the life and death of richard ii;a midsummer night’s dream

***8much ado about nothing;the merry wives of windsor;the life of king henry v

1599the life and death of julius caesar;as you like it

1600twelfth night, or, what you will

in the second period:

1601 1602 troilus and cressida;all’s well that ends well

160416051606antony and cleopatra

1607the tragedy of coriolanus;timon of athens

1608pericles, prince of tyre

in the third period:

1609cymbeline, king of britain

1610the winter’s tale

1612the tempest;the life of king henry viii

be, or not to be: that is the question: is soliloquy which used in a play on the stage and without a die, to sleep, no s bacon is scientist, philosopher, donne, a metaphysical poets(玄學派詩人)

john milton, his paradise lost, which tells how satan rebelled against god and how adam and eve were driven1

out of bunyan, the plain man’s pathway to heaven.成功刻畫人物。

daniel defoe, robinson crusoe, the first english novel, 是一部現實主義小說，作品的主題是通過對主人公魯濱孫的成功刻畫，歌頌資本主義上升時期那種不畏艱難和困苦，充滿野心和冒險精神，富有百折不撓，頑強毅力和斗志，依靠自己的雙手改變一切、創造一切的自我奮斗和創業精神。is a realistic novel, the theme is according to the successfully describe of the hero robinson, sing the praises of the not afraid of hardships and difficulties, and full of ambition and spirit of adventure , indomitable will power and fighting power, what’s more, the spirit of self-made depending on oneself in the liftperiod of swift, his gulliver’s travels, 抨擊當時英國的議會政治和反動的宗教勢力，通過描寫格列佛四次遇險，寫出了作者看透了當代的腐敗，以諷刺的方法，抨擊了當時腐敗的社會。attack the britain

parliamentarism and reactionary religious forces, according to describe gulliver’s four-time distress to show the writer has understood the contemporary social corruption, and attack the corrupted society by satire at that tinry fielding is the father of english smith is the first american jefferson is the writer of the declaration of literature of romanticism period is from american war of independence to before the civil ing historical romance loaded with symbolism and deep psychological themes, bordering on

depictions of the past are a version of historical fiction used only as a vehicle to express

transcendentalism是美國浪漫主義最高潮時期的體驗，認為世間萬物都是平等的。

henry david thoreau is the beginner of melville, american novelist, proser and dick, in which shows the struggle between

mankind and nature and draw people’s attention on how to get along with nature wants to subvert transcendentalism.9.詩歌鑒賞

sonnet 18

shall i compare thee to a summer's day?我能否將你比作夏天？

thou art more lovely and more temperate:你比夏天更美麗溫婉。

rough winds do shake the darling buds of may,狂風將五月的蓓蕾凋殘，and summer's lease hath all too short a date;夏日的勾留何其短暫。

sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,休戀那麗日當空，and often is his gold complexion dimm'd,轉眼會云霧迷蒙。

and every fair from fair sometime declines,休嘆那百花飄零，by chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd:催折于無常的天命。

but thy eternal summer shall not fade唯有你永恒的夏日常新

nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,你的美貌亦毫發無損。

nor shall death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,死神也無緣將你幽禁，when in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.你在我永恒的詩中長存。

so long as men can breathe or eyes can see,只要世間尚有人吟誦我的詩篇，so long lives this,and this gives life to thee.這詩就將不朽，永葆你的芳顏。

全詩的基本格律是五音步抑揚格（iambic pentameter），包括三個四行組（quatrain）和一個對偶句(couplet)，采用典型的莎氏十四行的韻式，即abab cdcd efef gg。

二、比喻和描述有時平淡或離奇，破壞意美

sonnet 29

when, in disgrace with fortune and man's eyes當我受盡命運和人們的白眼，i all alone beweep my outcast state暗暗地哀悼自己的身世飄零，and trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries徒用呼吁去干擾聾瞶的昊天,and look upon my self and curse my fate顧盼著身影，詛咒自己的生辰，wishing me like to one more rich in hope愿我和另一個一樣富于希望，featured like him,like him with friends possess'd面貌相似，又和他一樣廣交游，desiring this man's art and that man's scope希求這人的淵博，那人的內行，with what i most enjoy contented least最賞心的樂事覺得最不對頭；

yet in these thought myself almost despising可是，當我正要這樣看輕自己，haply i think on thee,and then my state忽然想起了你，于是我的精神，like to the lark at break of day arising便象云雀破曉從陰霾的大地

from sullen earth sings hymns at heaven's gate振翮上升，高唱著圣歌在天門：

for thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings一想起你的愛使我那么富有，that then i scorn to change my state with kings和帝王換位我也不屑于屈就。

賞析：對社會、對自己的命運的不滿和無奈。格律是五音步抑揚格（iambic pentameter）.韻式，即abab

cdcd efef gg。

to a waterfowl《 致 水 鳥 》

-----by william cullen bryant威廉·卡倫·布賴恩特

whither, 'midst falling dew,披著滴落的露珠，while glow the heavens with the last steps of day,天空燦爛，白日的行程就要結束；

far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue穿過玫瑰色的遙遠空際，thy solitary way?你往何方把孤單的前程追逐？

總結：as the dew falls and the sun sets in the rosy depths of the heavens, i wonder where you(waterfowl)are

going?

vainly the fowler's eye看你遠遠飛翔而無計可施，might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,捕鳥人的眼光徒勞眷顧；

as, darkly painted on the crimson sky,滿天紅霞把你映襯，thy figure floats along.暗黑的身影飄飄飛舞。

總結：the hunter can bring no harm to you ,you are free and t success, a hunter(fowler)might try to

bring you down as you float in silhouette against the crimson evening 'st thou the plashy brink你是在尋找開闊的大河之濱，of weedy lake, or marge of river wide,還是波浪拍岸的水草之湖？

or where the rocking billows rise and sink或者潮水沖刷的海灘，on the chafed ocean side?那里的巨浪奔騰起伏？

? 總結：are you seeking for a place that is suitable for rest? are you looking for the marshy edge of a lake,the bank of a river, or the shore of the ocean?

there is a power whose care有上蒼把你關照，teaches thy way along that pathless coast,--在無路的海岸為你指路，the desert and illimitable air,--在荒漠和無邊的空際，lone wandering, but not lost.你孤單的飄蕩不致迷途。

? 總結：there is a power that leads you on your way across deserts and through unlimited expanses of may be wandering and alone, but you are not day thy wings have fann'd你成天翕動翅膀，at that far height, the cold thin atmosphere:任空氣稀薄暴風寒冷，飛在高處，yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,疲乏中你不肯降落舒適的大地，though the dark night is near.即使黑夜即將緊閉它的帷幕。

總結：you have been flying the whole day, but do not stop and have a rest though dark is have been flapping your wings all day high in the sky, yet you continue on even though night is near and land beckons beneath soon that toil shall end,你很快就會結束這樣的勞苦，soon shalt thou find a summer home, and rest,你即將找到你夏天的住處；

and scream among thy fellows;reeds shall bend休息中呼喚自己的伙伴，soon o'er thy sheltered nest.蘆葦也會躬身把你的窩巢遮護。

? 總結：you have a strong desire to be with your family;or, to achieve your your journey will

you will descend to your summer , you will scream among others of your kind and find secure shelter among the tall 'rt gone, the abyss of heaven你的身軀全被吞沒，hath swallowed up thy form;yet, on my heart天堂深淵里，你蹤影全無；

deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given,然而你的啟迪深深留在我的心底，and shall not soon depart.我將久久地久久地把它記住。

? 總結:i can no longer see you, but i will never forget the lesson you taught , who, from zone to zone,誰，從一個地方到另一個地方，guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight,指引你穿越無限的天空作必然的飛翔，in the long way that i must tread alone,也會在我必須獨自跋涉的長途上，will lead my steps aright.正確地引導我的腳步。

賞析：there are eight 4-line stanzas, in each stanza, their rhyme is abab.

湖南師大英美文學考研篇三

《英美文學》復習方法

一、找到《英美文學》的輔導書，例如《自考一本通》《自考直通車》等類型的漢語版輔導書。

二、先把漢語版輔導書的課文翻譯通讀，理解了全書每個章節的內容和知識點；用漢語記錄重點；

三、第一輪復習順序：

1、先看英國文學，后看美國文學

2、按照時間順序看，每個時代都有代表性文學流派和代表作家及代表性作品

3、按照課本的章節順序，看完漢語譯文后，對照英語譯文，劃出課本上對每個時代代表性流派，代表作家和代表作品的描述和評論。名詞性描述一般是填空題和選擇搭配題；評論部分是簡單題和問答題；*只看代表性的重要信息，非代表性作品和作家生平介紹不用看；記住某個時代某個流派有哪些代表作家，哪些代表性作品及該作品的簡要介紹和評論。

4、按照章節劃出重點信息，然后整理筆記；

5、全部整理完畢之后，基本上對文學史和代表文學作品有了基本了解。

四、第二輪復習順序

1、找到歷年真題，做題的時候對照答案，尋找該答案在課文原文中的原始線索，并作好整理記錄；

2、整理理解全部真題的答案以后，對課本的重點知識就有了比較清楚的理解；

五、考前突擊復習

1、依據真題筆記和第二輪復習的筆記，對不熟悉的部分進行重點復習。

2、根據以往考題的研究，舊題還會重新考，所以大家要關注所有做過的真題和各章節中沒有考過的但屬于代表性知識的部分，這些有可能是將要考的新題。自學考試已經有歷史了，所以過去的真題加起來也就是全書的重點知識網絡，所以認真復習真題并理解消化，整理幫助記憶，這對于考試制勝是最好的辦法。

*警告：千萬不要拋開課本直接做真題；

千萬不要死記硬背，而是要在理解的基礎上反復讀，抄寫，默記；反復整理筆記，新的筆記只記錄沒有掌握好的，直到最后的筆記成為提綱式的。

〈高級英語〉復習方法說明；

一、對照輔導書，精讀課文，做課后練習；

二、找來歷年考試真題，認真做，查到答案在課本中的相關地方

三、認真復習真題，總結知識點；錯題本，反復研究錯題

四、回到課本，從頭到尾認真閱讀課文，全面復習重點知識點；

五、整理真題，再次復習錯題；

*高級英語上下冊32個單元，復習面積很大，所以必須早動手，狠下功夫。

祝愿大家能夠取得優秀的成績！

湖南師大英美文學考研篇四

二外：相信大家都知道，考英語專業的研，二外是主打，拉分的重點。我學的是日語，所以就日語談談了。去年的日語參考書指定的是新版初級的上下冊，中級上冊。當時我學的是舊版的，沒辦法學校開的是舊版，當時九月份招生簡章出來后，我就急了，擔心舊版不能應付，而那時我已經把三本舊版的都學完了，于是我就專門用了兩個星期的時間記了下新版的單詞，掃了遍新版的文章和句型，結果證明這樣是對的，二外考了86。所以大家不必著急，學校開什么就跟著上，基礎是關鍵，一定要把基礎打牢，到了暑假重點往前沖二外，在大四開學時保證二外第一遍過完，單詞句型穩扎穩打。當時初級上下的兩冊，我就把后面的中文撕下來，最后每課都能對著中文默下來了。具體的學習方法自己去摸索，但一定要學得比較輕松，比如記單詞時用點諧音啊什么的，比如有個單詞“愛打扮的”，你就可以諧音成中文“我下來啦”，女孩子愛打扮，男朋友在樓下等不及了喊，她就叫“我下來啦”。去年題型多了個應用文寫“請假條”，和大作文寫“我所知道的日本”。所以背課文對你寫作文還是很有幫助的，因為好像要寫400字。如果我記錯了話就是250字。

我2010年考二外日語。題型出乎意料地改了~

假名-漢字,漢字-假名 均為選擇題,共20分

還有語法題（不記得是10個還是20個了，難度不大）

翻譯:日譯中3段（不難），五個中譯日的句子（大都是初級課文中的）

取消閱讀！

一篇50字的小作文！（題目沒看明白，好像是寫假條。5分）

一篇300字的大作文！！（去年考的是“我了解的日本”。15分）我建議:首先書本要熟讀,特別是初級下。語言這個東西丟不得,每天都要碰一下。做題方面我建議選擇題可以參考國際日語三級練習題,閱讀參照二級。單詞天天看,當然還有最重要的一個問題,就是一定要堅持下去!祝你成功!

專業課一：10年的這門課，改革了，第一年改革，所以我想11年的不會改了，學校領導和老師也沒那么多時間去搞這個創新了。全部是主觀題，沒一個客觀題，重點考察寫作能力，連閱讀都改成了寫歸納和感想，200字歸納加300字感想。12個題目挑一個，700字，如果你沒有積累，靠專門臨場發揮寫是磨不出來的，況且多背點有什么不好呢，12個你總可以砸到一個吧，除非你自己運氣實在太差，一出門就撞到墻的那種。然后改錯，10分，翻譯30分，重點是寫作啦，而且切忌在考場上打草稿，我就是傻傻的打了那700字的草稿，而且還是我頭天晚上背的，結果等我騰玩后發現時間都快用去一半了，作文干凈是干凈啊，賞心悅目，可后面的時間不夠，都是搶著寫完的，有點遺憾留在這上面了。

英語語言運用與思維》試題以考察考生的理解、思維和英語運用能力為主，兼顧漢語表達能力。整個試卷由四個大題構成：

第1大題“proof-reading & error correction”，共10分。它由一篇連貫的短文構成，其中含有10個謬誤，需要考生識別并糾正。本題主要考察考生對英語語言知識包括語法、句法、語篇、固定搭配、語言文化、以及語篇邏輯的認知水平。

第2大題“reading comprehension”共60分。它由a、b兩個部分構成，a部分包含1篇短文（1000詞左右），共提出了5個問題，主要考察考生對文章的理解能力和對作者思想的概括分析能力。b部分包括對某個主題展開討論、說明或記敘的3篇短文，每篇短**在1000詞左右。要求考生閱讀后，首先在規定的字數內綜述這3篇短文的主要內容，然后結合自身認知與感受，表達對作者觀點的看法，自抒己見，同時對作者的看法也要做出解釋，并且能夠聯系到實際。

第3大題“writing”共50分。它包含有12個可選題目，全部都是具有議論性質的題目，其主要是考察考生分析和思辨能力，這里沒有絕對的對與錯，只要論點(thesis statements)，論據(illustrations)和辯論(substantiations)合理，并能邏輯清楚地表達出來，就可以得到好分數。該題主要考察考生的認知水平，學科知識的系統性，具體表現為思維的邏輯性，思想的新穎性，和語言表述的準確性、簡潔性。

第4大題“translate the following text into chinese”共30分。要求考生將一篇有關人生哲理、科技的或學術方面的英語短文（500詞以內）翻譯成漢語，主要考察考生的漢語表達能力。

先高級英語：有一些指定的文章。第一冊是：1.2.5.6.9.10課

第二冊是：1.2.3.4.5課

基本上就是這些。一般是不會超出這些范圍的，試題在書上的分數會保持在15分

左右。主要是paraphrase, figure of speech之類的。

題型和專八的沒太大區別。所以一些專業八級的數目是必要的。記單詞我推很少看到高級英語的資料，我問過一個師大的學姐，她告訴我高英復習課文很重要，重點是看她們學校學的課文（下冊1，2，5，6，9，10，11），其他的課文也要兼顧。復習中注重課文中的修辭和課后練習中的paraphrase~~~

這些講義中包含上面所有的課文，還有綜合整理出的重點的詞匯（依據朗文的e-e解釋），以及修辭和輔助理解課文的背景資料~~~